Understanding Asset Value

Analysis Period: Next 12 Months (NTM) SEC EDGAR
2026-02-06 17:46:56
MSFT
Microsoft Corporation
$401.14
Price from Yahoo Finance
Today: +1.90% | YTD: -15.2%

How Microsoft Corporation Makes Money

Revenue by segment flowing through costs to profit (FY2024) | Source: Microsoft FY2024 10-K Filing

Revenue
$356.5B
Gross Profit
$244.5B
69% margin
Operating Income
$166.4B
47% margin
Net Income
$139.2B
39% margin

Revenue & Profit by Segment

FY2024 data from Microsoft FY2024 10-K Filing

Segment What They Sell Revenue % of Total Op. Income Margin
Intelligent Cloud (Azure) N/A $96.0B
40%
$43.0B 45%
Productivity (Office/LinkedIn) N/A $78.0B
33%
$38.0B 49%
Personal Computing (Windows/Xbox) N/A $64.0B
27%
$18.0B 28%

Current Price

Price $401.14
52-Week High $555.45
52-Week Low $344.79

Market Data

Market Cap $2981.42B
Shares Outstanding 7.43B
Beta 1.08

Valuation Ratios

P/E (TTM) 21.26x
P/E (Forward) 21.26x
EV/EBITDA 10.77x

Next Earnings Call

Date 2026-04-29
Time 17:00
Source Yahoo Finance

Financial Health

Profit Margin 53.5%
ROE 34.4%
Revenue Growth 16.7%

Levered Free Cash Flow (TTM) - Cash That Can't Lie

$53.64B 1.80% Yield
$160.51B OCF - $83.09B CapEx - $22.39B Buybacks - $2.64B Interest = $53.64B

Source: Cash Flow Statement | LFCF = Operating Cash Flow - CapEx - Interest Expense

BUY

Fair Value: $613.32

+52.9% Upside

Stock appears undervalued with 52.9% upside to fair value. High confidence based on valuation spread and data quality.

Investment Verdict

Microsoft Corporation (MSFT) currently trades at $401.14, representing a 52.9% discount to our calculated fair value of $613.32.

Key Strengths: Strong balance sheet (Net Debt/EBITDA: 0.1x); Strong interest coverage (53.9x); High profit margins (53.5%).

Key Risks: No significant concerns identified.

The company generates $53.64B in levered free cash flow annually, providing real cash returns to shareholders. Wall Street consensus is strong_buy with a mean price target of $599.86.

Business Simplicity Filter

CriterionStatusNotes
≤4 operating segments PASS Segment count estimated from sector classification. Verify in 10-K for accuracy.
Top 2 segments ≥70% of revenue PASS Revenue concentration estimated. Verify segment breakdown in 10-K.
≤3 material geographic regions PASS Most US-listed companies report US vs International (2 regions).
No exotic debt instruments or off-balance-sheet complexity PASS Review 10-K for convertibles, derivatives, and off-balance-sheet items.

Recommendation: PROCEED TO VALUATION

Company Profile

Sector Technology
Employees 228,000
Country United States

Microsoft Corporation develops and supports software, services, devices, and solutions worldwide. The company's Productivity and Business Processes segment offers Microsoft 365 Commercial, Enterprise Mobility + Security, Windows Commercial, Power BI, Exchange, SharePoint, Microsoft Teams, Security and Compliance, and Copilot; Microsoft 365 Commercial products, such as Windows Commercial on-premises and Office licensed services; Microsoft 365 Consumer products and cloud services, such as Microsoft 365 Consumer subscriptions, Office licensed on-premises, and other consumer services; LinkedIn; Dynamics products and cloud services, such as Dynamics 365, cloud-based applications, and on-premises ERP and CRM applications. Its Intelligent Cloud segment provides Server products and cloud services, such as Azure and other cloud services, GitHub, Nuance Healthcare, virtual desktop offerings, and other cloud services; Server products, including SQL and Windows Server, Visual Studio and System Center related Client Access Licenses, and other on-premises offerings; Enterprise and partner services, including Enterprise Support and Nuance professional Services, Industry Solutions, Microsoft Partner Network, and Learning Experience. The company's Personal Computing segment provides Windows and Devices, such as Windows OEM licensing and Devices and Surface and PC accessories; Gaming services and solutions, such as Xbox hardware, content, and services, first- and third-party content Xbox Game Pass, subscriptions, and Cloud Gaming, advertising, and other cloud services; search and news advertising services, such as Bing and Copilot, Microsoft News and Edge, and third-party affiliates. It sells its products through OEMs, distributors, and resellers; and online and retail stores. The company has a collaboration with Richtech Robotics Inc. for the development and deployment of agentic artificial intelligence capabilities in real-world robotic systems. The company was founded in 1975 and is headquartered in Redmond, Washington.

Enterprise Value Calculation

Market Capitalization $2981.42B
(+) Total Debt $123.28B
(-) Cash & Equivalents $89.46B
Net Debt $33.82B
Enterprise Value $3015.24B
EV = Market Cap + Total Debt - Cash = $2981.42B + $123.28B - $89.46B = $3015.24B

Leverage & Solvency

MetricValueWhat It Means
Net Debt / EBITDA 0.12x Very Strong
Interest Coverage 53.9x Excellent
Debt / Equity 31.5% Moderate
Current Ratio 1.39 Adequate

Overall: Balance sheet is strong with conservative leverage.

Peer Comparison

Industry: Software - Infrastructure | Data: TTM (Trailing 12 Months) as of 2026-02-06 | Source: Yahoo Finance

CompanyMarket CapP/EForward P/EEV/EBITDAProfit Margin
MSFT (Target) $2981.4B 25.1x 21.3x 16.9x 39.0%
ORCL $410.5B 26.8x 18.1x 19.2x 25.3%
PLTR $323.9B 219.2x 75.3x 210.7x 36.3%
CRM $182.2B 25.6x 14.6x 15.1x 17.9%
NOW $106.3B 60.3x 20.1x 37.8x 13.2%
SNOW $57.6B 0.0x 103.7x -42.9x -30.8%
Peer Average (excl. target) - 26.8x 18.1x 19.2x 21.6%

Intrinsic Value Calculation

MethodInputsFair Value
Equity (TTM EPS) EPS: $18.87 x 32.5x P/E $613.32
Equity (Forward EPS) EPS: $18.87 x 32.5x P/E $613.32
EV-Based (EBITDA) EBITDA: $280.06B x 23.2x $870.45
Headline Fair Value Median value used (spread 36.8% exceeds 15% threshold) $613.32
Fair Multiples Basis: Fair P/E of 32.5x and EV/EBITDA of 23.2x. Multiples adjusted for above-average growth and strong profitability.

Sensitivity Analysis

P/E Multiple Sensitivity (using TTM EPS)

Low (30x)
Base (32x)
High (34x)
$575.58
$613.32
$651.06

EV/EBITDA Multiple Sensitivity

Low (22x)
Base (23x)
High (24x)
$832.74
$870.45
$908.17

Red / Green Dashboard

Green Factors (Positive)

  • Strong balance sheet (Net Debt/EBITDA: 0.1x)
  • Strong interest coverage (53.9x)
  • High profit margins (53.5%)
  • Strong revenue growth (16.7%)
  • Low short interest
  • Active share buyback program

Red Factors (Concerns)

  • No significant concerns identified

Assessment: Strong positive profile with multiple favorable factors.

Seasoned Analyst Perspective

Valuation Context

MSFT trades at 21.3x TTM P/E and 21.3x Forward P/E. This compares to peer averages of 26.8x TTM and 18.1x Forward P/E.

Cash Flow Quality

The company generates positive levered free cash flow of $53.64B, demonstrating its ability to generate real cash after all obligations.

Analyst Consensus

53 analysts cover this stock with a consensus strong_buy rating. Price targets range from $392 to $730, with a mean of $600.

Market Sentiment Indicators

VIX
VIX (Fear Index)

17.76 - Neutral/Low Fear

Neutral/Low Fear
F&G
CNN Fear & Greed Index

Score: 45/100

Fear
SKEW
CBOE SKEW Index (Tail Risk)

140.31

Elevated Tail Risk Concerns
MKT
Market Breadth

SPY YTD: 16.3% | RSP YTD: 14.2%

Healthy Breadth

Customer & Supplier Earnings Analysis

Tracking 3 customers, 3 suppliers | Did they beat or miss? What does it mean for MSFT?

Supply Chain Signals:
  • BULLISH: Walmart Inc. beat earnings by 29% - strong demand signal for MSFT
  • BULLISH: Salesforce, Inc. beat earnings by 14% - strong demand signal for MSFT
  • 3 of 3 customers beat earnings - positive demand outlook
  • WARNING: Supplier Intel Corporation missed earnings - potential supply chain disruption
  • Suppliers up +59.8% avg (6mo) - supply chain healthy

Customers (Who Buys From MSFT)

Company What They Buy Last Quarter Revenue QoQ 6-Mo Stock
Walmart Inc. Azure cloud services BEAT +29%
2025-11-20
1.2% 27.8%
The Coca-Cola Company Azure AI/cloud services BEAT +5%
2025-10-21
-0.6% 13.9%
Salesforce, Inc. Azure infrastructure BEAT +14%
2025-12-03
0.2% -20.3%

Key Suppliers (Who Sells To MSFT)

Company What They Supply Last Quarter Revenue QoQ 6-Mo Stock
Intel Corporation Server processors MISS -28%
2026-01-22
0.2% 155.9%
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Server CPUs/GPUs BEAT +16%
2026-02-03
11.1% 20.9%
NVIDIA Corporation AI accelerators BEAT +3%
2025-11-19
22.0% 2.6%

Earnings Surprise History (Last 8 Quarters)

Track Record: 8 beats, 0 misses, 0 in-line out of 8 quarters | 100% Beat Rate

DateEPS EstimateEPS ActualResultSurprise %
2026-01-28 $3.92 $4.14 BEAT 5.7%
2025-10-29 $3.66 $3.72 BEAT 1.6%
2025-07-30 $3.38 $3.65 BEAT 8.1%
2025-04-30 $3.22 $3.46 BEAT 7.4%
2025-01-29 $3.12 $3.23 BEAT 3.5%
2024-10-30 $3.11 $3.30 BEAT 6.2%
2024-07-30 $2.93 $2.95 BEAT 0.5%
2024-04-25 $2.84 $2.94 BEAT 3.4%
Average Earnings Surprise: 4.6% (Company tends to beat estimates)

Analyst Data

Price Targets

High Target $730.00
Mean Target $599.86
Low Target $392.00

Consensus

Recommendation strong_buy
# of Analysts 53

Data Sources & Citations

Yahoo Finance
SEC EDGAR
CBOE
CNN
Derived / Calculated

All financial data sourced from:

Click any colored number or source label throughout the report to view its source.

Disclaimer

This analysis is generated automatically using publicly available data and should not be considered as financial advice. All figures are sourced from Yahoo Finance and SEC EDGAR and may contain inaccuracies. Always verify data with primary sources (SEC filings, company IR) before making investment decisions.

Past performance does not guarantee future results. Investing involves risk, including the possible loss of principal.

Run Analysis with Different Period

Current: Next 12 Months (NTM) | Data Source: SEC EDGAR

Why Levered Free Cash Flow Matters

Levered FCF is cash that can't be faked. Unlike earnings which can be manipulated through accounting (depreciation schedules, revenue recognition, etc.), cash flow is simple: the money is either in the bank or it's not.

This metric shows how much actual cash the company generates after paying for:

A company with strong Levered FCF can pay dividends, buy back shares, pay down debt, or invest in growth - all from real cash, not accounting profits.

Why Customer & Supplier Earnings Matter

Customers and suppliers report earnings BEFORE the company you're analyzing. Their results give you early signals about demand and supply chain health.

Customer Example: If Microsoft (AMD customer) beats revenue estimates by 20%, it likely means they bought more chips than analysts expected. This is bullish for AMD's upcoming earnings.

Supplier Example: If TSMC (AMD supplier) reports strong demand from AMD, that confirms AMD's production is ramping up.

By the time AMD reports, you already have data points from 5+ related companies. Smart analysts piece these together to predict earnings before they're announced.

Why Segment Breakdown Matters

Not all revenue is equal. Different business segments have different growth rates and profit margins.

For example, AMD's Data Center segment has ~40% margins while Gaming might be ~15%. A shift toward Data Center means higher overall profitability even if total revenue stays flat.

Watch for: